Moldova strengthens capacities to investigate, prosecute and adjudicate CBRN crimes through EU-supported training

Moldova is actively working to strengthen its legal system and law enforcement capabilities to combat CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) crimes. Considering the growing security threats—which have been made worse by the conflict in Ukraine—the nation is making efforts to guarantee that its institutions are prepared to manage these complex issues. 

Recently, Moldova conducted an intensive five-day course on investigating and prosecuting CBRN crimes with assistance from UNICRI and the EU CBRN Risk Mitigation Centres of Excellence (CoE) Initiative.

Building Resilience: A National Imperative

Situated near conflict zones and longstanding trafficking routes, Moldova faces unique vulnerabilities related to CBRN threats. Recent geopolitical tensions, including Russia’s occupation of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant and reported use of chemical agents in military operations, have underscored the urgency of preparedness. The illicit circulation of hazardous materials remains a significant risk, further exacerbated by the region’s history of organized crime and separatist movements.

To address these challenges, Moldova’s National Institute of Justice hosted a specialized training course from 27 to 31 January 2025. The EU-funded initiative aimed to strengthen the investigation, prosecution, and adjudication of CBRN-related crimes. 

Judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officials, and customs officers participated in the program, gaining critical knowledge on handling contaminated crime scenes, forensic capabilities, and international legal cooperation.

Enhancing Investigative and Prosecutorial Capacities

The training delved into practical aspects of CBRN crime scene investigation, including the collection and preservation of evidence, maintaining the chain of custody, and applying nuclear forensics to track the origins of illicit materials. Participants also engaged in scenario-based exercises, simulating real-world prosecution strategies to improve case-building techniques.

International experts shared insights from past cases in the UK, USA, Iraq, Germany, and Slovakia, providing participants with a comparative perspective on legal frameworks and best practices. Additional sessions covered intelligence-sharing, witness protection, and the critical role of Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) in cross-border CBRN investigations.

Prosecutors and investigators highlighted that the training allowed them to identify existing legislative gaps that need immediate attention. 

“We now understand the importance of interagency coordination in investigating CBRN crimes,” noted a senior law enforcement official. 

Additionally, challenges such as the long-term storage of CBRN evidence were discussed, with a participant stressing that “Moldova needs specialized storage sites to ensure the safety and integrity of the evidence.”

Judicial experts emphasized the importance of aligning Moldova’s legal framework with EU standards. “Moldova wishes to join the European Union, so our legislation must be in line with existing standards and requirements,” remarked a legal expert.

They also noted that training prosecutors and judges in the scientific aspects of CBRN materials is essential, given their legal backgrounds.

Collaboration for a Safer Future

This initiative is part of Moldova’s commitment to international security and non-proliferation. The country has been actively engaged in regional cooperation through its participation in South East and Eastern Europe CBRN CoE Regional Secretariat. Additionally, Moldova’s alignment with global treaties such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) underscores its dedication to global security efforts.

Looking ahead, Moldova aims to integrate the knowledge gained from this training into its National Program on Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Risk Reduction for 2025-2029. 

“Eight instructors, including prosecutors, investigators, and forensic experts, will be nominated to develop national training courses based on this program,” stated a government official. 

These training workshops will be incorporated into Moldova’s National Institute of Justice, Police Academy, and CBRN Forensics Centre to ensure sustainability.

A Vision for Regional Security

The EU CBRN CoE Initiative continues to support Moldova in addressing its unique security challenges. With nearly 30 CBRN-related projects implemented across the South East and Eastern Europe region, the country is leveraging international expertise to build a more resilient and secure future.

“Strengthening our legal and investigative response to CBRN threats is essential for national security,” stated a senior Moldovan official. “Through continued collaboration with our international partners, we are reinforcing our capacity to detect, prosecute, and deter these complex crimes.”

To learn more about the EU CBRN CoE support to CBRN risk mitigation in South East and Eastern Europe, visit the Regional Secretariat page.